About Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) Type II

FCD Type II is a condition caused by abnormal formation of cell layers and brain cells during brain formation, while a baby is still in the womb. Genetic factors likely play a role in some cases. This abnormal organization of brain cells in a specific area of the brain leads to much higher risk of seizures and possible disruption of brain function that is normally generated from this area.1

Sometimes the brain cells themselves also look abnormal, like balloon cells. This is called FCD Type II. it is often diagnosed in early childhood and is usually seen on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.1

Anti-seizure medicines may be used to control seizures. However, many people with FCD will have drug-resistant seizures, and only about 1 in 5 people achieve good seizure control with medicine alone.1

  1. Epilepsy Foundation. Available at https://www.epilepsy.com/causes/structural/focal-cortical-dysplasia (Accessed 22 June 2023).